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» April 5, 2017 Parliament voted to take them through the representatives of the East African Legislative Assembly where by seven candidates where the only ones who passed by a vote
MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS STANDARDS OF CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES.
Excessive salt intake is to be avoided. It should be particularly restricted in people with
hypertension and those with nephropathy.
— Artificial sweeteners are to be used in moderation. Nutritive sweeteners (sorbital and
fructose) should be restricted.
— The same precautions regarding alcohol intake that apply to the nondiabetic
population also apply to people with diabetes. Additionally, however, alcohol tends to
increase the risk of hypoglycemia in those taking antidiabetic drugs and should be
particularly avoided in those with lipid abnormalities and patients with neuropathy.
— Except in special conditions like pregnancy and lactation, routine vitamin and mineral
supplementation is generally not needed in people with a well balanced diet. There is,
at present, no definite evidence to confirm that such treatment has any benefits.
Meal planning
— Assessment of dietary intake and individual needs of those with diabetes should be
made as part of the initia l management. Under optimal circumstances, this task is the
responsibility of an experienced dietician, in consultation with the treating physician.
However, after appropriate training the physician and the nurse can take on this
responsibility in places where dietitians are not available.
— Meals and food intake should be planned in relation to economic factors and local
circumstances concerning availability and cultural and social values. Special
consideration should be given to meal planning during the month of Ramadan.
— Dietary counselling should be a continuing process to be reinforced during each visit
by all members of the health care team.
— Meals should be evenly distributed throughout the day. Consistency of food timing and
energy intake from day to day should be emphasized, especially by those taking
insulin.
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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