MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
Disadvantages of Battery System
A high initial capital is required in addition to the house;
It requires increased level of management;
In case of a disease outbreak, it can spread very fast;
Birds develop bruises on combs, breast and toes.
3. Semi Intensive System
The semi intensive system can be divided into two: the fold system and the house and run method.
A. The Fold system
In this system, birds are confined in small structures called an ark or fold. A fold unit measure 3.5m long by 1.5m wide and 1.5m high. This is enough to hold 10-15 hens.
One third of the fold is roofed to provide shelter. The rest of the fold is left open but it is enclosed with wire mesh. The unroofed part is used for sunning and exercise. The folds should be moved daily to a fresh ground to reduce build up of diseases, provide fresh grass, avoid accumulation of droppings and also to spread the manure. See figure 2.6 for an illustration of the fold system.
Figure 2.6: The fold system with wheels
Advantage of the fold system
Manure is spread uniformly in the field.
Less feed is used because the bird eat grass
This system reduces build-up of parasites and diseases.
Disadvantages of the fold system
Few birds are kept per fold. Where many birds are kept, many folds will be required and this is very expensive
It is labour intensive in that folds have to be moved from one place to the other.
Individual egg production record is difficult to keep.
Poultry Keeping & Management
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B. House and Run Method
This method is useful for keeping small population of birds, around 20-50 birds. It consists of solid roofed housing which is used for keeping birds at night, laying eggs and roosting. Birds are allowed to run freely around the house during the day within an area enclosed with chicken wire. It is desirable to provide two runs (Run A and B) for alternating use to avoid build up of diseases and parasites. As Run A is being used for poultry, Run B can rest under a vegetable crop. Birds should be rotated between Runs A & B after every 6 months or one year in order to give ample time for the parasites, worms and disease pathogens to die off. See figure 2.7 for an illustration of this system.
Figure 2.7: House and run housing system
Advantages of the house and run method
It facilitates the rearing of about 20-50 birds as a side (supplementary) business within a large commercial farm.
Security for the birds especially at night is good since the building is usually a permanent house.
The run does not need large a area as in the extensive method.
Disadvantages of the house and run method
Accumulation of parasitic worms and pathogens in the fenced area.
Cost of fencing and permanent house is high.
Losses from snakes, wild animals and thieves.
That brings us to the end of this section on poultry housing management systems. We hope you now understand the different systems and are able to pick one for your poultry project.
Before you continue, review what you have just learnt by completing the
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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