My brothers if you see the meat has whitish implants below throw it because it is a disease and the meat should not be eaten should be disposed off.

MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO

Experimental cage farming in Tanzania started in 2013 with a study to test the effect of different

stocking densities of Nile tilapia on growth, survival, Food Conversion Ratio, and impact on water

quality. Although the experimental results were influenced by relative high mortality during the early

phase of the experiment, the highest final biomass after 6 months was in the order of 11kg/m3.

Commercial productivity at SON farm in Uganda is in the order of 50 kg/m3 after a 7 month production

cycle, indicating the potential for higher yields. No environmental impacts (based on pH, oxygen and

other water quality parameters) in the direct vicinity of the cages was observed. The study

recommended the use of cages in the lake provided that site studies are made with regard to wave

flushing and continuous monitoring of the environmental parameters (TAFIRI 2013). The report with

recommendations will be submitted to the Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries and the

LVFO, for approval of commercial cage farming in the Tanzanian part of Lake Victoria. Meanwhile,

several parties have expressed an interest to develop a cage farm in Lake Victoria. Among them is

VicFish, a Nile perch processing company in Mwanza. VicFish factories are presently operating at only

50% capacity (25 MT/day) due to declining Nile Perch catches, severely affecting the profitability of

the company. VicFish is developing two aquaculture projects, one on land and a cage farm. Both

projects are awaiting governmental approval.

With a coastline of over 1400 km (including the islands of Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia), suitable water

and temperatures, there is considerable potential for coastal aquaculture development in Tanzania.

Despite past initiatives and research projects, at present only one commercial shrimp farm is

operational (Alphakrus Ltd.). General concerns about environmental degradation, disease problems in

shrimp farming, and lack of inputs and technology, have hampered coastal aquaculture development

so far

3.5.2 Availability of inputs (for tilapia culture)

Reasonable numbers of Nile tilapia fingerlings (both mixed and monosex) are available through

various small (semi-) commercial hatcheries and governmental stations (see Annex 4).

Although not much is known about the quality and productive performance (none of the hatcheries are

using breeding programmes for genetic improvement), at the present stage of tilapia aquaculture in

the country the availability of fingerlings is not immediately constraining further development.

Raw materials of plant origin for incorporation into tilapia feed, such as rice bran, wheat middling’s,

maize, maize bran, cassava, cotton seed cake and soybean meal are readily available but may be in

competition with use for livestock feeding. There are presently no factories that produce formulated

fish feeds in Tanzania. Farmers either use farm made feeds (meals or simple (extruded) pellets), or

purchase simple feeds from TAFIRI or other governmental stations. The absence of manufactured fish

feed is caused by a low and scattered demand, mainly due to lack of knowledge on feed and feed

management at the farm and the benefits accrued from using manufactured feeds.

3.5.3 Institutional setting

The Fisheries Development Division, under the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development

(MLFD), is the designated Competent Authority in all matters pertaining to fish and fishery products.

This is in accordance with the Fisheries Act No. 22 of 2003 and Fisheries Regulations of 2009 and the

Fisheries (Laboratory Fees) Regulations of 2012. Among other things, the Fisheries Development

Division is responsible for monitoring, control and surveillance of fishing, efficient fisheries resources

utilization, marketing, and the certification of fish and fishery products and ensures that they meet

national and international quality and safety standards requirements.The Department of Aquaculture

Development (DAD) under the MLFD was established in September 2008, to oversee aquaculture

development in the country. Following its establishment, DAD has put in place National Aquaculture

Development Strategy (NADS) which is currently at implementation stage. The Department has two

sections, a fresh water aquaculture section and marine aquaculture section (see annex 5).

The National Fish Quality Control Laboratory (NFQCL) Nyegezi, Mwanza which is under the Fisheries

Development Division in the MLFD was established in 1997. NFQCL is responsible with safety and

Quality assurance of the fish and fish products in order to comply with the national Fisheries

Legislation and the international market standards and requirements. The NFQCL achieved its

accreditation status in 2007 through South African National Accreditation System (SANAS). This was

purposely done in order to increase consumer’s confidence with the safety of the fishery products

exported from Tanzania to foreign markets such as the European Union (EU) member countries,

United States of America (USA), Japan and Australia. In order to meet this obligation, the NFQCL is

required to comply with ISO/IEC 17025 standards. The Quality system undertaken by the laboratory

ensures that the requirements of the standards ISO 9001 and ISO/IEC 17025 are met.

Other governmental bodies related to fisheries & aquaculture include the National Environment

Management Council (NEMC), the Marine Parks and Reserves Unit (MPRU), the Board of External

Trade (BET), and the Tanzania Foods and Drugs Authority (TFDA), see for detailed description

Annex 6.

Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI) was established by the Act of Parliament No. 6 of 1980

to promote, conduct, and co-ordinate fisheries research in Tanzania. This is the only Fisheries organ

mandated by the government to carry out different researches on fisheries matters. Its core functions

include carrying out research in the fields of fisheries statistics and stock assessment; Fish biology,

taxonomy and fisheries of commercially important fish species; Socio-economic and marketing;

Hydrobiology and water pollution; Gear technology and Aquaculture.

Department Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries of the University of Dar es Salaam was established in April

2009 from the two teaching departments that existed in the former Faculty of Aquatic Sciences and

Technology (FAST) following the restructuring of the University of Dar es Salaam that resulted in

TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA

Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency. The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy. An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand [1.6MB]SIJAAMINI WEMA SEPETU ANACHOKIFAYA HAPO KWENYE HII VIDEO BOFYA UONE