MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
Fruits and Vegetables
It’s commonly accepted that the routine consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are abundant in phytochemicals, antioxidants, and fiber, protects against CVD. Flavonoids, or
plant-based phytochemicals such as flavonols and proanthocyanidins, occur naturally in many foods such as onions, tomatoes, berries, apples, and cabbage. In February 2012, McCullough and colleagues reported in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition that the consumption of flavonoids is associated with a lower risk of death from CVD and that even relatively small amounts of flavonoid-rich foods may be beneficial. Also, anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids found abundantly in blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, cherries, eggplant, and purple cabbage, have been shown to enhance endothelial function and suppress inflammation that may lead to CVD.3
Janet Bond Brill, PhD, RD, LDN, praises the heart-healthy virtues of the olive fruit in the form of good-quality extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) in her book Prevent a Second Heart Attack: 8 Foods, 8 Weeks to Reverse Heart Disease. Brill says EVOO is rich in oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat proven to stop the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and ward off CVD (see Resources for Cicero et al). “We know heart disease is an inflammatory condition caused by oxidation of LDL,” Brill explains. “By preventing this oxidation, you’re one step ahead of the game.”
Additionally, Brill emphasizes that making EVOO the main fat source increases the body’s levels of the antioxidant vitamin E, which in turn fights free radical damage and minimizes LDL oxidation (see Resources for Meydani).
Noting a secondary benefit of consuming EVOO with other heart-healthy foods, Brill says, “Extra-virgin olive oil is so flavorful that using it to flavor your veggies will encourage you to eat more of those healthy foods because they taste good.”
Nicknaming them “Mother Nature’s medicine chest,”
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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