MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
Aquaculture Planning
A farmer considering culturing fish needs to consider a number of
factors that may affect the success and profitability of the enterprise.
Surveys for suitable sites or evaluations of specific sites should first
identify strengths and weaknesses of physical characteristics such as the
suitability of the soil, the topography of the land, and the availability
of good quality water. Evaluations should also consider market
demands, proximity to markets, and the availability of needed inputs
such as fertilizers and feeds. In addition, all existing and planned uses
of the catchment area should be studied to determine how they might
contribute to or interfere with the farming enterprise.
This chapter addresses the questions of selecting good pond sites
(Section 1.1), integrating fish culture into the farm as a whole (Section
1.2), and marketing the fish that have been produced (Section 1.3).
Selecting a Good Pond Site
Introduction
In land-based aquaculture, the most commonly used culture units
are earthen ponds. When evaluating and selecting sites for earthen
fishponds, the main physical factors to consider are the land area, the
water supply, and the soil. The following points should be kept in mind
for each.
Land area
• Establish that the land is relatively level. Steeply sloped land is
not generally suitable for building ponds. A slope of about 1% is
considered ideal.
• Determine that the area is large enough for your present plans and
for any future expansion.
• The area should not be prone to flooding. Study weather records
for the area, ask local residents about flooding in recent years, and
look for actual evidence that flooding has occurred.
• The area should not be subject to pollution in runoff from adjacent
land. Find out who owns adjacent and uphill land, how they use
the land, and what chemicals (including fertilizers and pesticides)
they use.
• If possible, the land must be slightly lower than the water source,
so that the ponds can be filled by gravity rather than by pumping.
Supplying water by gravity greatly reduces energy inputs and
operating costs.
• In most cases the larger the surface area (with gentle slope), the
better. This is only true if the land and water are not expensive.
• Consider development plans for neighboring areas and assess any
causes for concern.
Figure 1.1-1. Relatively level land, as pictured above, is
most suitable for building earthen ponds.
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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Monday, May 22, 2017
