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MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
A New Guide to Fish Farming in Kenya.
In the spirit of science, the Program Management
Office of the Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support
Program (ACRSP) realizes the importance of providing
a forum for all research results and thought and does not
endorse any one particular view.
The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors
and do not necessarily represent an official position or
policy of the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID) or the Aquaculture CRSP.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use on the
part of USAID or the Aquaculture CRSP. The authors
are solely responsible for the accuracy, reliability, and
originality of work presented here, and neither USAID nor
the Aquaculture CRSPconsequences of its use.
Introduction
Kenya is endowed with numerous aquatic resources with aquacultural
potential. It has highly varied climatic and geographic regions, covering
a part of the Indian Ocean coastline, a portion of the largest freshwater
lake in Africa (Lake Victoria), and several large rivers, swamps, and other
wetlands, all of which support an abundance of native aquatic species.
These aquatic environments range from marine and brackish waters to
cold and warm fresh waters, and many can sustainably contribute to the
operation of ponds for fish production.
Warmwater fish farming in ponds began in Kenya in the 1920s, initially
using tilapia species and later including the common carp and the
African catfish. In the 1960s rural fish farming was popularized by the
Kenya Government through the “Eat More Fish” campaign; as a result
of this effort, tilapia farming expanded rapidly, with the construction of
many small ponds, especially in Kenya’s Central and Western Provinces.
However, the number of productive ponds declined in the 1970s, mainly
because of inadequate extension services, a lack of quality fingerlings,
and insufficient training for extension workers. Until the mid 1990s, fish
farming in Kenya followed a pattern similar to that observed in many
African countries, characterized by small ponds, subsistence-level
management, and very low levels of production.
Today, following the renovation of several government fish rearing
facilities, the establishment of research programs to determine best
practices for pond culture, and an intensive training program for fisheries
extension workers, there is renewed interest in fish farming in Kenya.
Farmers in suitable areas across the country are again turning to fish
farming as a way of producing high quality food, either for their families
or for the market, and as a way of earning extra income. Because of recent
locally conducted research and on-farm trials, farmers are learning that
the application of appropriate techniques and good management can
result in high yields and a good income.
The key to the continued development of fish farming in Kenya is to put
the results of research conducted at government and university facilities
into practical terms and make them available to farmers, extension
workers, and trainers. This manual therefore seeks to make an updated
introduction to the basic concepts of fish farming in Kenya available to all
who need it. It is designed to follow up on previously available guides,
such as An Elementary Guide to Fish Farming, produced by the Fisheries
Department in 1987, by synthesizing technological information that has
become available during the last 30 years, including research that has been
conducted by the Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program.
Though the manual has been designed for use in Kenya, the authors hope
that it will be useful in other parts of Africa as well.
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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