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Very shocking incidents,A group of primary school students escaped unharmed after their school bus somersaulted in a freak motor accident.

MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO



egg production by starting in a small way. We will talk about this later
When you finish this course, we plan to be able to help you with your chicks, their feed supply and the trainers will be able to give you advice. You will see during the course that there are different ways to keep laying hens and broiler chickens
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1.4 Background information
 You will need to look at all aspects of commercial poultry production before you decide to become a poultry farmer
 This means that you will have to seek out information in a survey
 On the basis of this information you will make a business plan. This will tell you how much money you can expect to make (or lose) each year
 A good business plan will allow you to go to the bank to borrow money to get your commercial poultry farm started
You will not start with a feasibility study now but towards the end of the course when you will know more about poultry and what farming poultry entails. But you should look at this from time to time throughout the course at the questions that need to be answered so that you can gather the necessary information.
End of Unit I
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UNIT II
2. POULTRY BREEDS
There are many different breeds of chickens. We will only mention here those that have commercial potential (meat and/or eggs).
Dual Purpose. These are used to produce both meat and eggs such as Rhode Island Reds or Plymouth Rock.
 Today, for large – scale commercial production they do not produce enough eggs
 nor do they grow fast enough for meat production
 they eat too much feed
 they are not very efficient in converting feed to eggs and meat
 Dual purpose breeds may have a role to play where it is not possible to get better breeds or conditions are not ideal or feed is not of the best quality
Special Breeds. These have been selected for egg production
 the White Leghorn was very popular for many years
 it has a small body (1.5 kg) and lays many white eggs
 the Black Australorp is another popular breed
 it is very docile (quiet) and lays a tinted (light brown) egg
 it is medium-heavy body weight (2.2 kg) and therefore eats quite a lot of feed
 it is good for free-range (out doors) conditions as it is not flighty
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Hybrids. In the commercial world today only hybrids (cross-breeds) selected for either meat or egg production (not both) are used. Because of hybrid vigour
 they lay more eggs than special and dual purpose breeds
 they lay large, brown or white eggs
 they eat less feed per kg of weight gain for meat or per kg of eggs
 the male chicks from hybrid layers grow very slowly and normally have to be killed. They are usually too expensive to rear but it depends on feed costs and circumstances
 the hybrid broilers grow faster than pure breeds
 they produce more meat especially breast meat than the pure breeds
Hybrid chicks are only available to the small farmer through a breeding company. The farmer will not have the parent breeding stock and therefore can not breed these chicks himself. Replacement pullets must be bought in but are not always available in remote areas.
EXERCISE
In a few words list all the characteristics (e.g. many brown/white eggs) that you would
source. The chicks keep each other warm in an insulated box. This box will be especially useful in warm countries for brooding at night. The brooding compartment is surrounded with straw or dried grass for insulation. The other compartment is for a feeder and drinker and a lid of wire mesh to let in the light and protect the chicks. The lid over the brooding area is insulated (e.g. polystyrene)
EXERCISE
Make a list of what you will need to do to prepare your chicken house for the arrival of a batch of day-old chicks
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6. FEEDING
 Feed is 60-70% of the costs of producing commercial poultry.
 Feed is the major constraint (difficulty) to producing poultry in developing countries
 Compounded (mixed) feed is expensive. There may be no feed mill and mixed feed is not readily available in many regions.
 Feed may have to come a long distance and probably will be very expensive and unreliable so you have to order well in advance.
Often, only very few suitable ingredients (feedstuffs) are produced in the country and most are imported.
Fish meal (rarely) or fish waste, also palm kernel meal, brewery waste, copra meal, wheat bran and rice bran, broken rice may be available. But these are largely inadequate for formulating a high – quality, commercial poultry diet especially for broilers
Feed ingredients are mixed according to a special recipe to provide a balanced diet
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 Baby chicks need a feed of the highest quality. That is one that is especially high in good quality protein (e.g. soybean meal, fishmeal) to match the protein found in meat and eggs
 Chicks also need a source of feed energy (wheat bran, cassava, cereal grains) to make them grow well
 Chicks also need other nutrients (minerals and vitamins) but only in small amounts
 A specialist person formulates (puts together) diets suitable for chickens. That person should also give you good advice on what to and how to feed your poultry
If some feedstuffs are available locally, farmers who receive the right advice may want to mix their own ingredients
First there is a need to get in a stock of the raw materials (ingredients). You will need to weigh out the ingredients or have containers which will hold known weights of different feedstuff
  • TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
  • Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency. The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy. An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand [1.6MB]SIJAAMINI WEMA SEPETU ANACHOKIFAYA HAPO KWENYE HII VIDEO BOFYA UONE
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