MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
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CREDIT::MWANANCHI
And vaccine-preventable diseases. All of this exists in stark contrast to the many gains
made through the efforts of national authorities, young people themselves and the
local communities in which they live, supported by the achievements of international
development agencies working to ensure that the special needs of this important population
and their right to good health are understood and met.2
Global interest in the health of adolescents and youth has manifested itself in
the many expressions of commitment to their healthy personal, spiritual, social, mental
and physical development. The 1990s saw the affirmation of worldwide commitments
to adolescent and youth health that have been shaped within an international
legal framework that has as its foundation the United Nations Charter3 and that reflects
the WHO definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.4 One implication is that the
international public health community must adopt an approach to adolescents and
youth that goes beyond the health sector to elicit the active participation of all social
actors, including young people themselves as agents of change.5 The services, commodities,
information and skills needed to sustain healthy behaviour must be provided
in the safest and most supportive of environments, building on the protective factors
of family and community.6
This call for the integration and coordination of multiple resources exposes
an essential polarization—if not of intentions, then of mechanisms. Some scientists
and clinicians, researchers and opinion leaders energetically promote respect for culture,
tradition, family and religion to enhance apparent health benefits.7 Others are
far more ready to value young people’s self-assessed needs and their interpretation
of personal experience in order to enhance both psychosocial and biomedical
aspects of personal well-being.8
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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