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1. INDIGENOUS CHICKEN (Kienyeji chicken)
Indigenous chicken are mostly kept under the free-range management system in small flocks of less than 30 birds. These are birds on which no selection of breeds or improvement by crossbreeding has been done. Many households in rural areas keep this chicken for domestic consumption. They are more robust and adapt to local conditions than hybrids. Indigenous chicken lay between 8 and 15 eggs per clutch depending on availability of feed. They are broody and hatch about 80% of the eggs they sit on. However only 20-30% attain maturity. This poor survival rate is caused by exposure to risks such as diseases, predators and poor nutrition, which reduce their productivity. If these risks are controlled, their survival rate can increase by 80%. Figure 3.1 shows a picture of indigenous chicken.
Figure 3.1: Indigenous or Kienyeji chicken
Advantages of Indigenous Chicken/Improved Indigenous Chicken (Kuroiler/Kenbro) include:
They are easy to establish for low income families;
They are more prolific and unproblematic to rear on small plots of land;
They are more genetically diverse, we adapted, and more resistant to local pest and diseases;
They are vital for future food security, leading towards self-employment and self-reliance;
Meat and eggs are tastier and preferred by most consumers compared to the exotic breeds;
They are more tolerant to harsh conditions including diseases compared to the exotic breeds;
They can be fed on cheap locally available feeds;
Local markets are readily available for both eggs and meat;
Survival rate of chicks high.
2. EXOTIC LAYER AND BROILER CHICKEN
Exotic breeds are either good as layers or broilers or dual purpose. Layers are breeds used for egg production. Broilers are reared for meat.
They can be categorized into:
Light breeds
Heavy breeds.
Let us discuss each in turn starting with light breeds.
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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