MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
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If you’re like many people, you may think of heart disease as a
problem that happens to other folks. “I feel fine,” you may think,
“so I have nothing to worry about.” If you’re a woman, you may
also believe that being female protects you from heart disease.
If you’re a man, you may think you’re not old enough to have a
serious heart condition.
Wrong on all counts. In the United States, heart disease is the #1
killer of both women and men. It affects many people at midlife,
as well as in old age. It also can happen to those who “feel fine.”
Consider these facts:
■ Each year, 500,000 Americans die of heart disease, and approximately
half of them are women.
■ As early as age 45, a man’s risk of heart disease begins to rise
significantly. For a woman, risk starts to increase at age 55.
■ Fifty percent of men and 64 percent of women who die suddenly
of heart disease have no previous symptoms of the disease.
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Heart Disease: Why Should You Care?
Heart Disease:
Why Should You Care?
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These facts may seem frightening, but they need not be. The good
news is that you have a lot of power to protect and improve your
heart health. This guidebook will help you find out your own risk
of heart disease and take steps to prevent it.
“But,” you may still be thinking, “I take pretty good care of myself.
I’m unlikely to get heart disease.” Yet a recent national survey shows
that only 3 percent of U.S. adults practice all of the “Big Four”
habits that help to prevent heart disease: eating a healthy diet,
getting regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and
avoiding smoking. Many young people are also vulnerable. A
recent study showed that about two-thirds of teenagers already have
at least one risk factor for heart disease.
Every risk factor counts. Research shows that each individual risk
factor greatly increases the chances of developing heart disease.
Moreover, the worse a particular risk factor is, the more likely you
are to develop heart disease. For example, if you have high blood
pressure, the higher it is, the greater your chances of developing
heart disease, including its many serious consequences. A damaged
heart can damage your life by interfering with enjoyable activities,
preventing you from holding a job, and even keeping you from
doing simple things, such as taking a walk or climbing steps.
What can you do to reduce your personal risk of heart disease?
First, you can learn about your own risk factors. Second, you can
begin to make healthful changes in your diet, physical activity, and
other daily habits. Whatever your age or current state of health, it’s
never too late to take steps to protect your heart. It’s also never too
early. The sooner you act, the better. So use this guidebook to find
out more about the state of your heart, and to learn about heart
healthy living. Talk with your doctor to get more information.
Start taking action to improve your heart health today.
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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