MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
Dietary Guidelines for Americans,
2005
Key Recommendations for the General Population
After
6 months of weight loss treatment, the individual should be assessed.
If no
further weight loss is needed, then the current weight should be maintained.
Sustained
physical activity is particularly important in the prevention of weight regain.
If
further weight loss is desired, another attempt at weight reduction can be
made.
For
overweight individuals with BMIs in the typical range of 27 to 35 kg/m2, a decrease of 300 to 500 kcal/day will
result in weight losses of about ½ to 1 lb per week.
A 10
percent weight loss could be achieved within 6 months.
For
more severely obese individuals (BMI > 35), deficits of up to 500 to 1,000
kcal/day will lead to weight losses of about 1 to 2 lb per week.
A 10
percent weight loss could be achieved within 6 months.
Dietary
Guidelines for Americans, 2005
Key Recommendations for the
General Population
Alcoholic Beverages
Those who choose to drink alcoholic
beverages should do so sensibly and in moderation (≤ 1 drink for women/day
and ≤ 2 drinks for men/day).
Alcoholic beverages should be avoided by
individuals engaging in activities that require attention, skill, or
coordination, such as driving or operating machinery.
Alcoholic beverages should not be consumed by
some individuals, including: those who cannot restrict their alcohol intake,
women of childbearing age who may become pregnant, pregnant and lactating
women, children and adolescents, individuals taking medications that can
interact with alcohol, and those with specific
medical conditions.
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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