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[BREAKING NEWS]VIDEO::KIMENUKA BUNGENI,UKAWA WAFANYA MGOMO MZITO TENA BUNGENI,NA KUFUNGUKA MAZITO.

MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO

 your village and family
(b) Now that we know a little about you I will tell you a bit about myself
(c) I am sure that you may have some questions to ask. These may relate to the course or to any other matter. So please ask them
1.1 What will I learn from this course?
At the end of the course you should understand the basic facts about keeping poultry for egg production and meat production.
You should have a good knowledge of
 their housing
 the different systems of how chickens are kept
 their feeding and management
 health and hygiene
 poultry farming is a business. It is essential to have a business plan
 the importance of forming a poultry cooperative or forming an association of producers with the same interests in poultry production
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1.2 Why keep chickens?
Can you make a list of reasons why people keep chickens? There are at least 6 reasons although not all of them apply to your particular situation. Write down what you think here and we will discuss them.
I will add some of the most important reasons that relate particularly to the health of your children.
Chicken meat and eggs contain special proteins that:
 Allow your children to grow strong Allow their brain to develop so that they will be clever at school
 Allow pregnant mothers to produce healthy babies and to breast feed them
 Allow children to be healthy and not to catch cold and coughs
 Eggs and meat also contain vitamins and minerals that are essential in your diet
 If you decide to raise poultry always remember to keep some meat and eggs for your own family to eat
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1.3 The business of poultry farming
There are many small farmers that are making money out of raising meat birds (broilers) in developing countries. They buy day-old chicks from chick breeders who may be far away and usually sell them live after 7-8 weeks. They also buy their feed in from the nearest feed mill. This may be a long way away and this will mean that feed is expensive. They will need to sell their broilers at a high price.
Because of long distances, and because of unreliable transport, sometimes some chicks arrive sick or dead. If there are enough producers, they can form a co-operative and may be able to establish a small poultry hatchery (see section 14). This will help to make chicken meat production sustainable. A depot can be set up to purchase and store large amounts of feed to sell to the poultry keepers at a cheaper price. Egg producers may also benefit from such an arrangement.
Producing eggs is more difficult than broilers. The day-old chicks are very expensive and you have to wait more than 18 weeks before the hen will lay an egg. They are not easy to rear as they must be grown slowly and according to a plan. They also need to have good housing and nest boxes so there is a higher initial capital cost than growing meat birds. There is usually a shortage of eggs in villages and they may have to be transported long distances to customers so there is often great opportunity to farm commercial hens starting with a few and then expanding. The customer can purchase a few eggs at a time so the financial outlay is less than buying a broiler chicken.
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There may be opportunity for commercial egg production by starting in a small way. We will talk about this later
When you finish this course, we plan to be able to help you with your chicks, their feed supply and the trainers will be able to give you advice. You will see during the course that there are different ways to keep laying hens and broiler chickens
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1.4 Background information
 You will need to look at all aspects of commercial poultry production before you decide to become a poultry farmer
 This means that you will have to seek out information in a survey
 On the basis of this information you will make a business plan. This will tell you how much money you can expect to make (or lose) each year
 A good business plan will allow you to go to the bank to borrow money to get your commercial poultry farm started
You will not start with a feasibility study now but towards the end of the course when you will know more about poultry and what farming poultry entails. But you should look at this from time to time throughout the course at the questions that need to be answered so that you can gather the necessary information.
End of Unit I
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UNIT II
2. POULTRY BREEDS
There are many different breeds of chickens. We will only mention here those that have commercial potential (meat and/or eggs).
Dual Purpose. These are used to produce both meat and eggs such as Rhode Island Reds or Plymouth Rock.
 Today, for large – scale commercial production they do not produce enough eggs
 nor do they grow fast enough for meat production
 they eat too much feed
 they are not very efficient in converting feed to eggs and meat
 Dual purpose breeds may have a role to play where it is not possible to get better breeds or conditions are not ideal or feed is not of the best quality
Special Breeds. These have been selected for egg production
 the White Leghorn was very popular for many years
 it has a small body (1.5 kg) and lays many white eggs
 the Black Australorp is another popular breed
 it is very docile (quiet) and lays a tinted (light brown) egg
 it is medium-heavy body weight (2.2 kg) and therefore eats quite a lot of feed
 it is good for free-range (out doors) conditions as it is not flighty
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Hybrids. In the commercial world today only hybrids (cross-breeds) selected for either meat or egg production (not both) are used. Because of hybrid vigour
 they lay more eggs than special and dual purpose breeds
 they lay large, brown or white eggs
 they eat less feed per kg of weight gain for meat or per kg of eggs
 the male chicks from hybrid layers grow very slowly and normally have to be killed. They are usually too expensive to rear but it depends on feed costs and circumstances
 the hybrid broilers grow faster than pure breeds
 they produce more meat especially breast meat than the pure breeds
Hybrid chicks are only available to the small farmer through a breeding company. The farmer will not have the parent breeding stock and therefore can not breed these chicks himself. Replacement pullets must be bought in but are not always available in remote areas.
EXERCISE
In a few words list all the characteristics (e.g. many brown/white eggs) that you would like to see in 1. a laying hen, and 2. a broiler chicken.

3. POULTRY HOUSING
There are many reasons why poultry should have a well-constructed house
 to protect them from floods, rain and the sun
 to protect them from predators - dogs, cats, snakes, birds of prey, rats and thieves
 to prevent mice, rats and other birds from eating their feed and transmitting disease
 to give hens a safe place to lay their eggs
You must protect your chickens from predators
What are the basic requirements for a poultry house?
It must be
 rain proof
 protect the birds from direct sunlight and keep them cool
 must have good drainage around the house
 easy to clean
 have a strong door with a secure lock
Chickens must be protected from the weather
Housing will likely be your biggest investment and to cut
Costs, local material can be used. Positioning of the
house is important to conform to some of the basic requirements (mentioned above). High ground will stop flooding in rain storms
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Sketches of a simple poultry house for keeping about
  • TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
  • Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency. The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy. An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand [1.6MB]SIJAAMINI WEMA SEPETU ANACHOKIFAYA HAPO KWENYE HII VIDEO BOFYA UONE
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