President Magufuli and Commander in Chief has to undo the selection of the Chief of Police army, who is a guaranteed to ensure the safety of civilians and their property.

MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO

Introduction
Welcome to our course on poultry keeping. Poultry keeping is one of the most
popular forms of businesses among small-scale farmers. This is because poultry
requires little capital, is easy to rear and easy to manage. Poultry keeping thus
provides farmers with a great opportunity to start an income generating activity.
The aim of this course is to provide you with all the knowledge and skills you need to
raise poultry for meat and eggs and manage a small-scale commercial poultry
business. This main target group of this course is farmers who are interested in
starting a poultry business. However, extension workers and other stakeholders who
are interested in working with small-scale poultry farmers will also benefit. There are
many types of poultry but in this course we shall concentrate on chicken. We will
start by looking at the economics of poultry production so that you can make an
informed decision about the viability of this business before you start. Then we shall
discuss various important aspects of poultry farming, such as, poultry housing, types
of chicken breeds, brooding, feed management, health management, and poultry
production and marketing.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course you should be able to:
 Explain the economic importance of poultry farming
 Determine the best housing design for your poultry project
 Identify a suitable breed for your poultry project
 Determine the best poultry management system to use for your project
 Formulate feed rations based on the nutrient requirements of your chicken
 Implement routine poultry management practices such as, poultry hygiene,
debeaking, pasting and detoeing;
 Identify poultry diseases and take the necessary control measures
 Prepare your poultry products for the market and record all your activities.
Course Content
This course is divided into the following 9 units:
 Unit 1: Introduction to Poultry Keeping
 Unit 2: Poultry Housing
 Unit 3: Breeds of Poultry
 Unit 4: Poultry management systems
 Unit 5: Feed management
 Unit 6: Routine poultry management practices
 Unit 7: Health management
 Unit 8: Poultry products and marketing
To help you acquire the skills you need to be a good poultry farmer, you will be
expected to attend demonstration seminars which will be held at the Thika Training
poultry farming. The following is the economic value of poultry keeping:
 Provides income from the sale of chicks, meat and fertilized and unfertilized eggs;
 The feathers are used to make stuffing for pillows mattresses and quilts
 It supplement other incomes from livestock and crops
 Poultry droppings are used as livestock (ruminant) feed, as it is a rich source of non-protein nitrogen and provides protein
 Poultry manure increase soil fertility and can be sold as fertilizer
 Poultry droppings make excellent slurry for biogas production plants
 The by-products of a hatchery are used to make livestock protein supplements.
 It can generate foreign exchange earnings through the export of poultry products
 Used for recreation and also in poultry competitions and shows. In some communities they are kept for their crowing ability.
 Use in special festivals, traditional ceremonies, as a gifts, and in traditional medicine.
We hope you now appreciate the economic value of poultry. Let us now estimate the cost of poultry production so that you can determine its profitability.
Economics of Poultry Production
Before you start a poultry business, it is important to determine whether it is profitable and sustainable. There are two costs of production that you should take into consideration. These are:
 Fixed costs
 Variable costs
Your profits will be greatest if you are able to keep your variable costs to a minimum. Let us look at each type of cost in further detail.
Fixed costs
These are the costs that remain constant throughout the management of one flock. These include the following:
 Cost of day – old chicks (approximately 12%)
 Housing depreciation
 Depreciation of equipment
 Depreciation of birds (laying birds) this does not apply to broilers.
 Miscellaneous e.g. insurance of building and equipment
Variable costs
These are those costs that vary depending on the number of chicken you have. They include the following:
 Feed costs – is the major item that takes 73% or over
 Labour cost – 7%
 Mortality – 5% throughout the growing period
 Fuel for brooding and litter – 2%
 Veterinary and pharmaceutical costs – 3%
 Transport and marketing costs – 10%
Disadvantages of Poultry Keeping
The disadvantages of poultry are not many and include the following:
 Some chicken diseases can affect humans
 Chicken can die of preventable diseases like New Castle, Gumboro, Fowl Typhoid, Cholera and Cholera Pox
 If not well protected, chicken can be eaten by a host of predators, like mongoose, eagles, cats and snakes
As you can see, the disadvantages of chicken are not so serious because they can all be prevented. In the next section we shall discuss the economics of poultry keeping.
Section 1.2: Economics of Poultry Keeping
Before you start a poultry business, it is important to find out if it makes economic sense. In this section we shall look at the economic value of chicken and how to cost your poultry project.
Economic Value of Poultry
A poultry business provides an important supplement to income from crops and livestock. Poultry farming helps to reduce overdependence on traditional commodities whose prices are not stable. Before you continue reading, complete the following activity.
Section 1.1: Advantages and Disadvantages of
Poultry Keeping.
As you well know, poultry is kept in many rural and peri-urban homes in Kenya either
for domestic or commercial purposes. In this section we shall discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of poultry keeping.
A pedicure on the other hand, is a beauty treatment for improving the condition and
appearance of the feet and toenails. A standard pedicure starts with sanitizing the
feet. This is followed by filing and/or cutting the toenails, and soaking the feet in
warm, soapy water to which an antiseptic is added. Once the feet are softened, the
therapist then proceeds to scrub any areas of the foot which has hardened, rough
skin. Under the nail is cleaned and cuticles are gently pushed back. Nail polish is then
applied to the toenails.
Advantages of Poultry Keeping
What are the advantages of poultry keeping? Think about it for a minute and then
complete the following activity.

TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA

Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency. The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy. An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand [1.6MB]SIJAAMINI WEMA SEPETU ANACHOKIFAYA HAPO KWENYE HII VIDEO BOFYA UONE