MAAJABU YA MTANDAONI,BOFYA HAPO CHINI HUTAAMINI MACHO YAKO
Population growth increases food demands,
and populations often require more housing, which contends for land. For
example, Santa Clara and Orange Counties were once prime agricultural regions.
Now, we grow houses, not produce.
Commercial (cash crop) agriculture has
added problems. In bad years, you may not be able to pay debts, and lose the
farm. In global bumper crop years,
prices drop, and you may lose money. As economies grow, so does agricultural
competition from transitional countries. For example Vietnamese coffee
decreased prices for (better?) Columbian coffee. If customers or manufacturers
shift to different products your entire economy can be upset. For example,
petroleum sources decreased demand for natural rubber and rendered whale
blubber.
Note: Wet rice agriculture is a
traditional society response to land with high rainfall, and resulting soils
that can be flushed of nutrients. This is an intensive agriculture response to
similar environments that have also been traditionally cultivated using slash
and burn techniques.
Queries:
Describe 5 risks of subsistence
agriculture.
Describe 5 risks of commercial
agriculture.
Describe 3 economic risks of commercial
agriculture.
Swidden
agriculture works in regions with poor soils, soils with few nutrients. These
soils may be flushed out by excessive rainfall, such as tropical wetlands or
tropical savannah with dry seasons. Most nutrients not flushed out by
percolation through the soil have been captured by vegetation and stored in the
plants. Slashing this vegetation and then burning it releases nutrients, which
supports agriculture for a season or two. After the crop yields drop off,
farmers move (shift) to a region that has recovered, and repeat the cultivation
process.
Definition: See Jordan, 2012, Chapter 8
p. 212, Discussion: p. 212-213
4JHXWS
Queries:
How does swidden agriculture work? Hint: Remember the
three equivalent terms: Swidden, slash and burn, and shifting
cultivation, then re-order them the right way.
Why do they practice swidden
agriculture? (See above.)
Where does swidden agriculture make sense, and why? (This
adds the last response and the environmental conditions that cause it. See
above.)
TAFADHALI SHARE HABARI HII KWA RAFIKI ZAKO HAPO CHINI ILI IWAFIKIE NA WENGINE PIA
Pig industry sustains livelihoods of many families in Kenya. Pig rearing has been one of wellestablishedindustry
in Kenya following growing export markets and increasing number of health
conscious consumers. Pig production if efficiently managed has great potentials for increasing
protein supply in Kenya. Smallholder pig farms in Tharaka-Nithi County have been facing
varying and dismal profits. The main objective of this study will be to establish which
institutional arrangements and management factors affect the profit efficiency of small-holder
pig farmers in Tharaka-Nithi County. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique will be
adopted to collect cross sectional data of eighty (80) smallholder pig farmers in Maara
Constituency by the use of semi-structured interview schedules. The work will employ Data
Envelopment Analysis to come up with profit efficiency rankings among the farmers and
stochastic frontier profit function will be used to analyze the factors that affect profit efficiency.
The data will be processed using STATA and DEA Frontier packages. The findings could be
useful to the stakeholders of the pig industry sub sector to formulate policies pertaining to pig
enterprise inputs, marketing issues and financial products and also can establish benchmarks
which can be used as a package for enhancing and stabilizing profit efficiencies of smallholder
pig farmers which in turn could help improve the Kenya economy.
An Overview of Livestock Sub-sector in Kenya Perspectives, Opportunities and Innovations for Market Access for Market Access for Pastoral Producers Recent statistics point that the livestock sub-sector in Kenya accounts for approximately 10% of the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This is 30% of the agricultural GDP. It employs about 50% of the national agricultural workforce and about 90% of the ASAL workforce. 95% of ASAL household income comes from this sub-sector. This is despite the fact that the sector receives only 1 % of the total annual budget allocation. The livestock resource base is estimated at 60 million units comprising of 29 million indigenous and exotic chicken, 10 million beef cattle, 3 million dairy and dairy crosses, 9 million goats, 7 million sheep, 0.8 mi camels, 0.52 mi donkeys and 0.3 million pigs. (Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA) 2003) Kenya is broadly self-sufficient in most livestock products but is a net importer of red meat mostly inform of on-the-hoof animals trekked across the porous boundaries of neighbouring countries- Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Livestock supply in Kenya results from a complex set of interactions between Kenya and its neighbours and the traditional Middle East market and their respective livestock populations, demand and market prices. Kenya is part of a regional market where livestock flow according to markets and price differentials in a liberalized system throughout the region as a whole and where Nairobi represents a focus of demand for the region Supply of red-meat from domestic cattle, shoats and camels falls short of demand, and is almost permanently augmented by a traditional livestock trade drawn in from neighbouring countries, especially Somalia, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia in varying quantities according to demand, which maintains a supply/demand
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